Researchers use Bambusa tulda and biodegradable polymers to create sustainable alternative for vehicle interiors
In a breakthrough that aligns with India’s green technology revolution and global sustainability goals, researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati have developed a biodegradable composite material made from Bambusa tulda—a fast-growing bamboo species native to Northeast India—combined with eco-friendly polymers.
The innovation promises to replace conventional plastic components used in automotive interiors with a high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable alternative.
The research, led by Dr. Poonam Kumari, Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, tackles the dual challenge of plastic pollution and the need for greener manufacturing materials. The findings were published in the peer-reviewed journal Environment, Development and Sustainability (Springer Nature), co-authored by Dr. Kumari and her research scholars, Mr. Abir Saha and Mr. Nikhil Dilip Kulkarni.
The team developed and tested four different bamboo fiber-based composite formulations, using both bio-based and petroleum-based epoxies. The bamboo fibers were treated with alkali to enhance compatibility with the base polymers, resulting in improved durability.
Each formulation was rigorously evaluated across 17 key performance parameters, including tensile strength, thermal resistance, impact durability, water absorption, and cost-effectiveness.
To identify the most balanced formulation, the team applied a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique. The bamboo composite reinforced with FormuLite, a bio-based epoxy, emerged as the most efficient, demonstrating strong mechanical performance, low moisture absorption, and excellent thermal stability.
Notably, the material costs just ₹4,300 per kilogram, making it a viable alternative for automotive components such as dashboards, door panels, and seat backs.
Commenting on the potential applications of the composite, Dr. Kumari said, “This developed composite can be used in consumer electronics, automobiles, aerospace, and sustainable building materials.
It can effectively replace conventional materials like wood, iron, and plastic at similar costs while contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 8, and 9. This initiative also supports the ‘Make in India’ policy under the Green Tech Revolution.”
The research team is currently conducting a full life cycle assessment (LCA) of the composite to evaluate its environmental impact from production to disposal. Plans are also underway to scale up production using industrial methods such as compression molding and resin transfer techniques.